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PCR Qualitative Analysis[ PCR Procedures | Quantative PCR Analysis | Detection Limit & Quantification Limit ] Qualitative PCR tests a sample for the presence or absence of particular DNA sequences indicative for the presence of genetically modified materials. A screening test uses element specific primers that target the DNA sequences of genetic elements commonly used in genetic engineering of crops. These sequences are present in the sections of foreign, recombinant DNA of many different GMOs. In this way, a sample can be screened for the presence of multiple genetic modifications using only one or two general primer systems. For example, all currently approved (in the US) genetic modifications in soybeans contain the 35S promoter. A qualitative screening test on a soybean sample that targets the 35S promoter will detect whether GM soy material is present, but it cannot be used to determine which of the specific genetic modifications is present. A modification specific test can detect and identify a particular GM construct through the use of primers that target a DNA sequence unique to this specific genetic modification. For example, primers used to specifically detect Roundup Ready soybean target the junction between the 35S promoter from Cauliflower Mosaic Virus and the chloroplast transit peptide from petunia. This artificially juxtaposed DNA sequence is found neither in nature nor in any other GMO. Its detection thereby gives very high confidence of the presence of Roundup Ready soy. » Read about Quantative PCR Analysis
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